In the Philippines, Santos and Castro (2021) conducted a study on pedagogical approaches, and they mentioned that education is dynamic, so it needs innovative and responsive pedagogical approaches. The passage of time is having an impact, and teachers are one of the biggest influencers. Teachers must be proficient in instructional competencies to effectively instruct students and maximize their knowledge and skills acquisition. Lessons today are not learned in the same way that a teacher learned them in the past. Today's students think and learn fundamentally differently than their predecessors did. Modifying teaching delivery may be the most intense adaptation strategy for some learners. The PCK paradigm, which stands for Pedagogy, Content Knowledge (TPACK), is completed using technology in the 21st century to help instructors deliver lessons and students learn. The technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework and educational research place a high value on context, yet TPACK research frequently needs to define it clearly.
Students are appreciative of the use of technology in the classroom. Teachers also seemed to respect the technology they had access to for enhancing education and providing students with a more sincere learning experience. Students nowadays who are exposed to the advancement of technology find it valuable as a tool for teaching and learning. The development of technology in the classroom has benefited teachers as well. This development makes it simpler for them to provide lesson materials. However, every school needs to use technology wisely. It must boost the learners' achievement by enhancing their learning. In the instructional process, a reflective approach is crucial for ensuring that student activities are founded on beginning concepts, the construction of subjects' interests in the studied topics, and their growth through time. Because a reflective approach fosters settings that encourage students to engage in analytical activity and strengthen their reflection, by establishing a reflective learning environment, teachers may help students get a deeper awareness of themselves and ensure they are motivated to learn by developing an interest in the material's importance and substance. One of the traits of the reflective method is the great emphasis placed on how students arrange their analytical activities and hone their critical thinking skills in the educational setting that surrounds it. Encouragement is given to their inventive thoughts throughout the analytical process, to their actions, and any unbiased judgments regarding the development of their worldview based on the analysis results. It is sufficient to create a reflective educational environment based on incorporating a thoughtful approach into the pedagogical process to support students in doing analytical work, encourage reflection, and boost their sense of independence.