Research has shown that cooperative learning techniques:

* promote student learning and academic achievement

* increase student retention

*enhance student satisfaction with their learning experience

*help students develop skills in oral communication

*develop students’ social skills

*promote student self-esteem

* help to promote positive race relations

 

5 Elements of Cooperative Learning

It is only under certain conditions that cooperative efforts may be expected to be more productive than competitive and individualistic efforts. Those conditions are:

1. Positive Interdependence

(sink or swim together)

Each group member’s efforts are required and indispensable for group success

Each group member has a unique contribution to make to the joint effort because of his or her resources and/or role and task responsibilities

2. Face-to-Face Interaction

(promote each other’s success)

Orally explaining how to solve problems

Teaching one’s knowledge to other

Checking for understanding

Discussing concepts being learned

Connecting present with past learning

3. Individual &Group Accountability

( no hitchhiking! no social loafing)

Keeping the size of the group small. The smaller the size of the group, the greater the individual accountability may be.

Giving an individual test to each student.

Randomly examining students orally by calling on one student to present his or her group’s work to the teacher (in the presence of the group) or to the entire class.

Observing each group and recording the frequency with which each member-contributes to the group’s work.

Assigning one student in each group the role of checker. The checker asks other group members to explain the reasoning and rationale underlying group answers.

Having students teach what they learned to someone else.

4. Interpersonal & Small-Group Skills

Social skills must be taught:

Leadership

Decision-making

Trust-building

Communication

Conflict-management skills

5. Group Processing

Group members discuss how well they are achieving their goals and maintaining effective working relationships

Describe what member actions are helpful and not helpful

Make decisions about what behaviors to continue or change

By: Jasmin N. Barbosa, Tomas Pinpin Memorial Elem School

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